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Python 内置函数清单

Python 有很多可用的函数。这些函数称为内置函数。在此参考页面中,您将找到 Python 中的所有内置函数。

Python abs()

取绝对值

a = 12
b = -4
c = 3+4j
d = 7.90
print(abs(a))
print(abs(b))
print(abs(c))
print(abs(d))

结果

12
4
5.0
7.9

Python all()

循环参数,如果每个元素都为真的情况下,那么all的返回值为True:

假: 0, None, "", [],(), {}

ret = all([True, True])

ret1 = all([True, False])

result:

True

False

Python any()

只要有一个为True,则全部为True

ret = any(None, “”, [])

ret1 = any(None, “”, 1)

result:

False

True

Python ascii()

回去对象的类中,找到__repr__方法,找到该方法之后获取返回值

class Foo:

def __repr__(self):

return “hello”

obj = Foo()

ret = ascii(obj )

自动去对象(类)中找到 __repr__方法获取其返回值

Python bin()

把十进制整数转换为二进制

二进制

ret = bin(11)

result:

0b1011

Python bool()

把一个值转换为布林类型

判断真假, True:真 , False:假, 把一个对象转换成bool值

ret = bool(None)

ret = bool(1)

result:

False

True

Python bytearray()

returns array of given byte size

字节列表

列表元素是字节,

Python bytes()

returns immutable bytes object

字节

bytes(“xxx”, encoding=”utf-8″)

Python callable()

Checks if the Object is Callable

判断对象是否可被调用

class Foo: #定义类
pass

foo = Foo() # 生成Foo类实例
print(callable(foo)) # 调用实例
ret = callable(Foo) # 判断Foo类是否可被调用
print(ret)

result:
False
True

Python chr()

Returns a Character (a string) from an Integer

给数字找到对应的字符

ret = chr(65)

result:

A

内置函数
内置函数

Python classmethod()

returns class method for given function

修饰符

修饰符对应的函数不需要实例化,不需要self参数,但第一个参数需要时表示自身类的cls参数,可以来调用类的属性,类的方法,实例化对象等。

class A(object):
bar = 1
def func(self):
print(“func”)
@classmethod
def func2(cls):
print(“func2”)
print(cls.bar)
cls().func() # 调用func方法

A.func2() # 不需要实例化

result:
func2
1
func

Python compile()

Returns a Python code object

函数讲一个字符串编译为字节代码

compile(source, filename, mode[, flags[, dont_inherit]])

参数:
source 字符串或者AST(Abstract Syntax Trees对象)

filename 代码文件名称,如果不是从文件读取代码则传递一些可辨认的值

mode 指定编译代码的种类,可指定: exec, eval, single

flags 变量作用域,局部命名空间,如果被提供,可以是任何映射对象。

flags和dont_inherit是用来控制编译源码时的标志

str_for = “for i in range(1,10): print(i)”
c = compile(str_for, ”, ‘exec’) # 编译为字节代码对象
print(c)
print(exec(c))

result:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

myCode = 'a = 7\nb=9\nresult=a*b\nprint("result =",result)'
codeObject = compile(myCode, 'resultstring', 'exec')
exec(codeObject)

结果

result = 63

Python complex()

Creates a Complex Number

函数用于创建一个值为 real + image * j 的复数或者转化一个字符串或数为复数,如果第一个参数为字符串,则不需要指定第二个参数。

语法:

class complex([real ,[ image]])

参数说明:
real int, long, float或字符串

image int,long,float

ret1 = complex(1,2)
print(ret1)

ret2 = complex(1)
print(ret2)

ret3 = complex(“1”)
print(ret3)

ret4 = complex(“1+2j”)
print(ret4)

result:返回一个复数
(1+2j)
(1+0j)
(1+0j)
(1+2j)

Python delattr()

Deletes Attribute From the Object

Python dict()

Creates a Dictionary

Python dir()

Tries to Return Attributes of Object

Python divmod()

Returns a Tuple of Quotient and Remainder

Python enumerate()

Returns an Enumerate Object

Python eval()

Runs Python Code Within Program

Python exec()

Executes Dynamically Created Program

Python filter()

constructs iterator from elements which are true

Python float()

returns floating point number from number, string

Python format()

returns formatted representation of a value

Python frozenset()

returns immutable frozenset object

Python getattr()

returns value of named attribute of an object

Python globals()

returns dictionary of current global symbol table

Python hasattr()

returns whether object has named attribute

Python hash()

returns hash value of an object

Python help()

Invokes the built-in Help System

Python hex()

把整数转换为十六进制

ret = hex(14)

result:

0xe 0x:表示16进制 e: 表示14

Python id()

Returns Identify of an Object

Python input()

reads and returns a line of string

Python int()

将数字文字和字符串转换为整型

十进制

ret = int(10)

result:

10

Python isinstance()

Checks if a Object is an Instance of Class

Python issubclass()

Checks if a Class is Subclass of another Class

Python iter()

returns an iterator

Python len()

Returns Length of an Object

Python list()

creates a list in Python

Python locals()

Returns dictionary of a current local symbol table

Python map()

Applies Function and Returns a List

Python max()

returns the largest item

Python memoryview()

returns memory view of an argument

Python min()

returns the smallest value

Python next()

Retrieves next item from the iterator

Python object()

creates a featureless object

Python oct()

八进制

ret = oct(14)

result:

0o16

Python open()

Returns a file object

Python ord()

returns an integer of the Unicode character

Python pow()

returns the power of a number

Python print()

Prints the Given Object

Python property()

returns the property attribute

Python range()

return sequence of integers between start and stop

Python repr()

returns a printable representation of the object

Python reversed()

returns the reversed iterator of a sequence

Python round()

rounds a number to specified decimals

Python set()

constructs and returns a set

Python setattr()

sets the value of an attribute of an object

Python slice()

returns a slice object

Python sorted()

returns a sorted list from the given iterable

Python staticmethod()

transforms a method into a static method

Python str()

returns the string version of the object

Python sum()

Adds items of an Iterable

Python super()

Returns a proxy object of the base class

Python tuple()

Returns a tuple

Python type()

Returns the type of the object

Python vars()

Returns the __dict__ attribute

Python zip()

Returns an iterator of tuples

Python __import__()

Function called by the import statement

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